Recognizing the Significance of Culture and Ethnicity: Exploring Hidden Assumptions of Homogeneity

Despite increasing focus on culture and its impact upon study results, researchers may be unaware of or ignore their own cultural biases and assumptions in interpretation of the data. Often when similarities exist between researcher and participant, the researcher may assume cultural homogeneity exists. This article provides an illustration of the problematic nature of such assumptions through the examination of a study on entrepreneurship and the intersection of work, leisure, and family. Participants included 13 men and women who were home-based business entrepreneurs living in an urban community within Newfoundland, Canada. Additional themes were uncovered when culture was addressed, including the importance of family, the division between public and private in the household, and the interconnection of gender and culture. A recommendation is given to use greater care when conducting research with participants who share a similar racial background with the researcher.     

Contextualizing theory building in entrepreneurship research

Theory development and testing are central to the advancement of entrepreneurship as a scholarly field. For nearly three decades now, researchers have borrowed popular theories from other disciplines and adapted them to the study of diverse entrepreneurship phenomena. This has enhanced the rigor of research findings. Future studies can achieve greater rigor and relevance by paying more attention to the context of their investigations. Understanding the nature, dynamics, uniqueness and limitations of this context can enrich future studies. This article describes common problems revealed in recent entrepreneurship research when applying existing and new theories to well known vs. emerging and novel phenomena. The article also suggests strategies to enrich creative and constructive theory building.     

A review of entrepreneurship research published in the hospitality and tourism management journals

This research evaluates the entrepreneurship research in field of the Hospitality and Tourism Management to obtain a better understanding of its progress and potential. The study examines entrepreneurship articles published in seven leading hospitality and tourism management journals from 1986 to 2006. Findings indicate that Tourism Management, International Journal of Hospitality Management, and International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management are the top three journals that publish entrepreneurship research. However, the amount of entrepreneurship research in the leading hospitality and tourism management journals appears less than expected. Publication of empirical work has not increased over time over the past 21 years, and theoretical work remains at a consistently low level. Even for empirical studies, there is a lack of methodological sophistication of analytical and statistical tools. The results suggest a concern that entrepreneurship research remains under studied; therefore, more theoretical work is needed to map a course of study and to develop a framework unique to the entrepreneurship domain of hospitality and tourism research. The good news is that there are abundant opportunities for scholars in hospitality and tourism management to explore the field of entrepreneurship as a viable research paradigm.     

社会创业活动驱动机制研究——一个模糊集定性比较分析

利用fsQCA方法,以22个经济体为样本分析个体、制度环境以及文化层面的5个条件联动匹配对社会创业活跃度的影响。结果表明：第一,机会感知、失败恐惧感、制度环境以及人文导向文化维度无法单独构成高或者非高社会创业活跃度的必要条件。第二,高社会创业活跃度路径有3种：高人文导向下的环境—能力型、低人文导向下的环境拉动型与环境推拉型。第三,非高社会创业活跃度产生路径有两种：低人文导向及拉动型制度环境缺失条件下,与其它要素联动匹配;高人文导向文化、低机会感知以及低失败恐惧感条件下,与不同类型制度环境联动匹配。第四,社会创业活跃度影响路径具有非对称性。     

农村收入差距抑制了农户创业吗?--基于流动性约束与人力资本投资视角的实证分析

改革开放以来,中国农村内部收入差距呈现扩大态势,收入差距的扩大对农村家庭产生了深远影响。本文利用2012~2016年中国家庭追踪调查(CFPS)数据,研究了农村收入差距对农户创业行为的影响及其作用机制。实证研究发现,农村收入差距的扩大显著降低了农户创业的概率,基尼系数每提高0.1单位,农户创业的概率下降1.45%,这一数值约为农村地区创业比例的21%,具有显著的经济意义。通过面板数据双向固定效应模型、滞后效应和工具变量法克服内生性问题后,结果仍然稳健。研究还发现,农村收入差距的扩大显著降低了农户创业的参与人数、经营规模、经营绩效和新创企业的概率,并显著提高了创业失败的可能性,增加了从事农业生产的人数和家庭成员外出打工的概率。机制分析发现,农村收入差距的扩大提升了农户面临流动性约束的概率并降低了农户的人力资本投资,从而抑制了农户创业。此外,异质性分析还发现,农村收入差距的扩大对低教育水平、中低收入阶层和中西部地区家庭产生了更显著的负向影响。本文的研究为全面认识农村创业的影响因素提供了新视角,对更好地推动"大众创业、万众创新"在农村的贯彻实施具有政策启示。     

金融支持与企业家精神成长:内在机理与实证分析

我国经济的快速发展首先得益于人民群体的企业家精神,而企业家精神是创业创新的统一。金融作为现代经济活动的核心要素,是培育企业家精神的关键因素。在以银行间接融资为主的金融结构体系下,金融对企业家精神的培育作用还比较有限。因此,应加快完善金融组织体系,创新金融资源配置方式,协调金融内部发展结构,充分发挥金融体系的筹资融资、资源配置、价值增值、信息揭示和传递、风险管理、监督激励等多种功能,构建完善一个多元化、多层次的企业家精神金融支持体系,推动经济创新、再创业和转型发展。     

商务英语专业创业教育与专业教育一体化研究

本文研究商务英语专业创业教育融入专业教育的有效途径,改进教师教学理念及方法,优化课程设置,构建基于内容依托教学的创业教育与专业教育一体化有效模式。     

The Spirit of Entrepreneurship and the Qualities of Moral Decision Making: Toward A Unifying Framework

At the heart of entrepreneurship are imagination, creativity, novelty, and sensitivity. It takes these qualities to develop a new product or service and bring it to market, to envision the possible impacts a new product may make and come up with novel and creative solutions to problems that may arise. These qualities go to make up what could be called the spirit of entrepreneurship, a spirit that involves the ability to handle the experimental nature of entrepreunerial activity. These same qualities are crucial for moral decision making, and an ethical approach which emphasizes imagination, creativity, and has an experimental thrust is much better adapted to the entrepreneurial activity and much more relevant to the unique situations that entrepreneurs face. In this sense, the process approach to ethics developed in this article is a unifying framework that brings together the activity of entrepreneurship and moral decision making.     

农民工返乡创业收益影响因素研究

农民工返乡创业是近年来的研究热点。通过对湖南省和甘肃省的实地调查,获得了真实数据,利用Logistic模型实证研究返乡农民工的创业收益的影响因素,得出：湖南省返乡农民工的创业收益主要受资金投入、外出年限和受教育程度因素的影响;甘肃省返乡农民工创业收益主要受人力资本投入、资金投入以及外出年限因素的影响。由此提出促进农民工返乡创业、提高返乡农民工创业收益的相关政策建议。     

Born globals – presence,performance and prospects

The concept born global firms has gained a spectacular increase in interest from both academic and political circles. Rigorous quantitative treatment of born global firms are however rare in the international business/economics literature. Implementing unique data on all Swedish start-ups during 1998–2008 in the manufacturing sector, we conclude that born global firms are a very rare event, that their prevalence seems invariant to time, and that they perform similar to other matched “twin” firms with regard to profitability and productivity but report a considerably higher growth in employment and sales. These results are robust to a wider definition of born global firms and to the timing of performance measurements.